Nutrition Requirements in the Elderly

More Information About Nutrition Requirements in the Elderly

Good Health in the Twilight Years - Part 1

It is common knowledge that the demographic profile of most nations points to an increase in the population of the elderly. The nutrient requirement of the elderly and the concerns for the health and nutrition of the elderly are far different from any other population group.

After fifty years of age, there are many metabolic and physiological changes that affect the nutritional needs of an individual. There is a tremendous fall in the metabolic rate that can be as high as thirty percent over a lifetime. This results in decreased caloric needs, which can be complicated by changes in an older persons ability to balance food intake and energy needs.

It is a good practice to talk to the elderly about the food they have taken during the day in order to monitor their state of nutrition .
Even with a decreased caloric need, many older people have difficulty getting sufficient calories, which can eventually lead to chronic fatigue, depression, and a weak immune system. This situation may not appear serious enough but can have profound effect on the health of the elderly. Hence, good health for the seniors must be on the agenda of those taking care of them. As we age our body composition changes with a decrease in lean tissue mass (as much as 25%) and an increase in body fat. Such changes can be accelerated because older adults utilize dietary protein less efficiently and may actually need a greater than recommended amount of high quality protein in their diet to maintain lean tissue mass. These changes in metabolism and physiology can be exaggerated due to complications from digestive difficulties, oral and dental problems, and medication-related eating and nutrient problems.

There is enough scientific evidence that good nutrition promotes vitality and independence whereas poor nutrition can prolong recovery from illness, increase the costs and incidence of hospitalization, and lead to poor quality of life. Good nutrition is, therefore, basic to the quality of life. And while the evidence of the value of nutritional balance is clear, the nutritional status of many older individuals lacks that balance and the problem is often complicated by a fear of foods and the diet related information that is thrust on them.

Total Calorie Requirement

Calorie needs change in the elderly due to more body fat and less lean muscle. Less activity can further decrease in calorie needs. The challenge for the elderly is to meet the same nutrient needs as when they were younger, yet consume fewer calories. It is better to choose foods high in nutrients in relation to their calories. Such foods are considered nutrient-dense. For example, low-fat milk is more nutrient dense than regular milk. Its nutrient content is the same, but it has fewer calories because it has less fat.

Protein absorption may decrease as we age, and our bodies may make less protein. This does not mean protein intake should be routinely increased, because of the general decline in kidney function. Excess protein could increase the stress on kidneys.

It is also good to reduce overall fat content in the Diet . While it is the easiest way to cut calories, it is often necessary because of chronic diseases.

Carbohydrates, should contribute about 60 percent of calories in the daily diet. The emphasis should however be on complex carbohydrates. The elderly are prone for Glucose. Complex carbohydrates put less stress on the circulating blood glucose than the refined carbohydrates.It is to be noted that adequate fiber, together with adequate fluid, helps maintain normal bowel function. Fiber also is thought to decrease risk of intestinal inflammation. Vegetables, fruits, grain products, cereals, seeds, legumes and nuts are all sources of dietary fiber.

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Part One   -   Part Two

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